2800 nm - 4000 nm Distributed Feedback Laser

# 211 Interband cascade laser absorption sensor for sensitive measurement of hydrogen chloride in smoke-laden gases using wavelength modulation spectroscopy

K. L. Fetter, L. Munera, M. A. Watts, D. I. Pineda , Appl. Opt. 63, 63, 2024, 8517-8525,

# 210 Cavity-Enhanced Measurements of Benzene for Environmental Monitoring

M. Mhanna, G. Zhang, N. Kunnummal, A. Farooq, IEEE Sens. J., 21 (3), 2021, 3849-3859,

# 206 Greenhouse Gases Detection Exploiting a Multi-Wavelength Interband Cascade Laser Source in a Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Sensor

R. De Palo, N. Ardito, A. Zifarelli, A. Sampaolo, M. Giglio, P. Patimisco, E. Ranieri, R. Weih, J. Nauschütz, O. König, V. Spagnolo, Sensors, 25(8), 2025, 2442,

# 204 Laser Absorption Measurements of HCl in a Shock Tube for Investigating the Chemical Kinetics of Rocket Propellants

C. M. Grégoire, E. L. Petersen, AIAA SciTech Forum, 2025,

# 198 All-fiber-coupled mid-infrared quartz-enhanced photoacoustic sensors

A. Zifarelli, R. De Palo, S. Venck, F. Joulain, S. Cozic, R. Weih, A. Sampaolo, P. Patimisco, V. Spagnolo, Optics & Laser Technology, 176, 2024, 110926,

# 196 Mid-infrared hyperchaos of interband cascade lasers

Y. Deng, Z. Fan, B. Zhao, X. Wang, S. Zhao, J. Wu, F. Grillot, C. Wang, Light: Science & Applications , 11, 2022, 22,

# 189 Digital Twin of a photoacoustic trace gas sensor for monitoring methane in complex gas compositions

M. Müller, T. Rück, S. Jobst, J. Pangerl, S. Weigl, R. Bierl, F.-M. Matysik, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 378, 2023, 133119,

# 188 An Algorithmic Approach to Compute the Effect of Non-Radiative Relaxation Processes in Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

M. Müller, T. Rück, S. Jobst, J. Pangerl, S. Weigl, R. Bierl, F.-M. Matysik, Photoacoustics, 26, 2022, 100371,

# 187 Characterizing a sensitive compact mid-infrared photoacoustic sensor for methane, ethane and acetylene detection considering changing ambient parameters and bulk composition (N₂, O₂ and H₂O)

J. Pangerl, M. Müller, T. Rück, S. Weigl, R. Bierl, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 352, 2022, 130962,

# 185 Comparison of photoacoustic spectroscopy and cavity ring-down spectroscopy for ambient methane monitoring at Hohenpeißenberg

M. Müller, S. Weigl, J. Müller-Williams, M. Lindauer, T. Rück, S. Jobst, R. Bierl, and F.-M. Matysik, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2023, 4263–4270,

# 184 Methyl methacrylate thermal decomposition: Modeling and laser spectroscopy of species time-histories behind reflected shock waves

I. C. Sanders, N. M. Kuenning, N. Q. Minesi, D. I. Pineda, R. M. Spearrin, Fuel, Vol. 335, 2023, 126846,

# 183 High-temperature absorption cross-sections and interference-immune sensing method for formaldehyde near 3.6-μm

N. M. Kuenning, I. C. Sanders, N. Q. Minesi, D. I. Pineda, R. M. Spearrin, J. Quant. Spec. Rad. Tr., Vol. 309, 2023, 108690,

# 182 Quantitative volumetric laser absorption imaging of methane and temperature in flames utilizing line-mixing effects

C. Wei, K. K. Schwarm, D. I. Pineda, R. M. Spearrin, Proc. Comb. Inst., Vol. 39, Iss. 1, 2023, 1229-1237,

# 180 Rovibrational Polaritons in Gas-Phase Methane

A. D. Wright, J. C. Nelson, M. L. Weichman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 145, 10, 2023, 5982–5987,

# 178 Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Sensors for Detection of Eight Air Pollutants

R. De Palo, A. Elefante, G. Biagi, F. Paciolla, R. Weih, V. Villada, A. Zifarelli, M. Giglio, A. Sampaolo, V. Spagnolo, P. Patimisco, Adv. Phot. Res., Vo. 4, Iss. 6, 2023,

# 177 Distributed Feedback Interband Cascade Laser Based Laser Heterodyne Radiometer for Column Density of HDO and CH₄ Measurements at Dunhuang, Northwest of China

X. Lu, Y. Huang, P. Wu, D. Liu, H. Ma, G. Wang, Z. Cao, Remote Sens., 14(6), 2022, 1489,

# 176 Photoacoustic methane detection inside a MEMS microphone

T. Strahl, J. Steinebrunner, C. Weber, J. Wöllenstein, K. Schmitt, Photoacoustics, 29, 2023, 100428,

# 174 Dual-comb optical activity spectroscopy for the analysis of vibrational optical activity induced by external magnetic field

D. Peng, C. Gu, Z. Zuo, Y. Di,X. Zou, L. Tang, L. Deng1, D. Luo1, Y. Liu, W. Li, Nat. Commun., 14, 2023, 883,

# 166 Mid-infrared hyperchaos of interband cascade lasers

Y. Deng, ZF. Fan, BB. Zhao et al. , Light Sci. Appl., 11, 2022,

# 165 Near-Surface Carbon-Dioxide Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Concentration Measurements in Hypervelocity Flow

J. M. Weisberger, P. E. DesJardin, M. MacLean, R. Parker, Z. Carr, J. of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 52, No. 6, 2015, 1551 - 1562,

# 163 Towards a dTDLAS‑Based Spectrometer for Absolute HCl Measurements in Combustion Flue Gases and a Better Evaluation of Thermal Boundary Layer Effects

Z. Qu, J. Nwaboh, O. Werhahn, V. Ebert, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 106, 2021, 533 - 546,

# 162 Methane leak detection by tunable laser spectroscopy and mid-infrared imaging

T. Strahl, J. Herbst, A. Lambrecht, E. Maier, J. Steinebrunner, J. Wöllenstein , Appl. Optics, Vol. 60, No. 15, 2021, C68-C75,

# 159 Direct absorption spectroscopy baseline fitting for blended absorption features

J. M. Weisberger, J. P. Richter, R. A. Parker, P. E. DesJardin, Appl. Optics, 2018,

# 158 Optical Wireless Link Operated at the Wavelength of 4.0 µm with Commercially Available Interband Cascade Laser

J. Mikołajczyk, R. Weih, M. Motyka, Sensors, Vol. 21, 2021,

# 151 The interband cascade laser

J. R. Meyer, W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, C. D. Merritt, I. Vurgaftman, Photonics, Vol. 7, No. 3 (75), 2020,

# 144 Accurate analysis of HCl in biomethane using laser absorption spectroscopy and ion-exchange chromatography

J. A. Nwaboh, H. Meuzelaar, J. Liu, S. Persijn, J. Li, A. M. H. van der Veen, N. Chatellier, A. Papin, Z. Qu, O. Werhahna, V. Eberta, Analyst, Iss. 4, 2021.,

# 143 Optical detection of formaldehyde in air in the 3.6 µm range

M. Winkowski, T. Stacewicz, , Biomed Opt. Expr.,, Dezember 2020, 2020, pp. 7019–7031.,

# 142 Methane, ethane and propane detection using a compact quartz enhanced photoacoustic sensor and a single interband cascade laser

A. Sampaolo, S. Csutak, P. Patimisco, M. Giglio, G. Menduni, V. Passaro, F. K. Tittel, M. Deffenbaugh, V. Spagnolo, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol. 282, 2019, pp. 952-960.,

# 141 Atmospheric CH₄ measurement near a landfill using an ICL-based QEPAS sensor with V-T relaxation self-calibration

H. Wu, L. Dong, X. Yin, A. Sampaolo, P. Patimisco, W. Ma, L. Zhang, W. Yin, L. Xiao, V. Spagnolo, S. Jia, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol.297, 2019, 126753.,

# 140 Interband cascade laser arrays for simultaneous and selective analysis of C1–C5 hydrocarbons in petrochemical industry

J. Scheuermann, P. Kluczynski, K. Siembab, M. Straszewski, J. Kaczmarek, R. Weih, M. Fischer, J. Koeth, A. Schade, S. Höfling, Appl. Spectrosc, January 2021, 2021,

# 136 Temperature-dependent line mixing in the R-branch of the v3 band of methane

J. Li, A. P. Nair, K. K. Schwarm, D. I. Pineda, R. M. Spearrin, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, No.255, 2020, 107271.,

# 135 Interband cascade laser absorption of hydrogen chloride for high-temperature thermochemical analysis of fire-resistant polymer reactivity

D. I. Pineda, J. L. Urban, R. M. Spearrin,, , Appl. Opt., Vol.59, No.7, 2020, pp. 2141-2148.,

# 134 Deep neural network inversion for 3D laser absorption imaging of methane in reacting flows

C. Wei, K. K. Schwarm, D. I. Pineda, R. M. Spearrin, , Opt. Lett, Vol.45, No.8, 2020, p. 2447.,

# 132 Light and microwaves in laser frequency combs: an interplay of spatio-temporal phenomena

M. Piccardo, D. Kazakov, B. Schwarz, P. Chevalier, A. Amirzhan, Y. Wang, F. Xie, K. Lascola, S. Becker, L. Hildebrandt, R. Weih, A. Belyanin, F. Capasso, San Jose, CA, USA, 2019, , 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 2019, pp. 1-2.,

# 131 Unveiling quantum-limited operation of interband cascade lasers

S. Borri , M. Siciliani de Cumis , S. Viciani , F. D’Amato, P. De Natale, APL Phot., Vol.5, Iss.3, 2020, 036101,

# 130 Simple electrical modulation scheme for laser feedback imaging

K. Bertling, T. Taimre, G. Agnew, Y. L. Lim, P. Dean, D. Indjin, S. Höfling, R. Weih, M. Kamp, M. v. Edlinger, J. Koeth, Aleksandar D. Rakic, IEEE Sens. J., Vol.16, No. 7, April, 1, 2016, pp. 1937-1942.,

# 129 Sub-ppb-level CH₄ detection by exploiting a low-noise differential photoacoustic resonator with a room-temperature interband cascade laser

H. Zhen, Y. Liu, H. Lin, R. Kan, P. Patimisco, A. Sampaolo, M. Giglio, W. Zhu, J. Yu, F. K. Tittel, V. Spagnolo, Z. Chen, Opt. Expr., Vol. 28, Iss. 13, 2020, p. 19446.,

# 128 Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy for hydrocarbon trace gas detection and petroleum exploration

A. Sampaoloa, G. Mendunib,P. Patimiscoa, M. Giglioa, V. M.N. Passaroc, L. Donga, H. Wua, F. K. Tittel, V. Spagnoloa, , Fuel, Vol.277, 2020,

# 126 Contrast enhancement of surface layers with fast middle-infrared scanning

T. Kümmel, T. Teumer, P. Dörnhofer, F.-J. Methner, B. Wängler, M. Rädle, Heliyon, Vol. 5, Iss. 9, September 2019,

# 125 Time-resolved laser absorption imaging of ethane at 2 kHz in unsteady partially premixed flames

K. K. Schwarm, C. Wei, D. I. Pineda, R. M. Spearrin, Appl. Opt., Vol. 58, Iss. 21, Juli 2019, pp. 5656 - 5662.,

# 124 Tomographic laser absorption imaging ofcombustion species and temperature in the mid-wave infrared

C. Wei, D. I. Pineda, C. S. Goldenstein, R. M. Spearrin, Opt. Exp., Vol. 26, Iss. 16, 2018, pp. 20944 - 20951.,

# 123 Multi-wavelength speciation of high-temperature 1-butene pyrolysis

N. H. Pinkowski, S. J. Cassady, D. F. Davidson, R. K. Hanson, Fuel, Vol. 244, 15th May 2019, pp. 269-281.,

# 122 A streamlined approach to hybrid-chemistry modeling for a low cetane-number alternative jet fuel

N. H. Pinkowski, Y. Wang , S. J. Cassady , D. F. Davidson , R. K. Hanson , Combustion and Flame, Vol.208, October 2019, pp. 15-26.,

# 119 Interband cascade laser based quartz-enhanced photoacoustic sensor for multiple hydrocarbons detection

A. Sampaolo, S. Csutak, P. Patimisco, M. Giglio, G. Menduni, V. Passaro, F. K. Tittel, M. Deffenbaugh, V. Spagnolo, Proc. SPIE 10540, Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XV , 26th January 2018, 105400C,

# 114 Interband cascade laser absorption sensor for real-time monitoring of formaldehyde filtration by a nanofiber membrane

C. Yao, Z. Wang, Q. Wang, Y. Bian, C. Chen, L. Zhang, W. Ren , App. Optics, Vol.57, No.27, 20.September 2018, 8005.,

# 109 Performance enhancement of methane detection using a novel self-adaptive mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy technique

F. Song, C. Zheng, W. Yan, W. Ye, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, F. K. Tittel, IEEE Phot. Journ., Vol.10, No.6, December 2018,

# 108 Dual-feedback mid-infrared cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for H₂CO detection using a radio-frequency electricallymodulated interband cascade laser

Q. He, C. Zheng, M. Lou, W. Ye, Y. Wang, F. K. Tittel , Opt. Expr, Vol.26, No.12, 2018, p. 15436.,

# 107 Interband cascade laser-based ppbv-level mid-infrared methane detection using two digital lock-in amplifier schemes

F. Song, C. Zheng, D. Yu, Y. Zhou, W. Yan, W. Ye, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, F. K. Tittel , Appl. Phys. B, 2018, 124:51.,

# 106 Recent progress in laser‑based trace gas instruments: performance and noise analysis

J. B. McManus, M. S. Zahniser, D. D. Nelson et. al., Appl. Phys. B, 2015, 119: 203.,

# 105 Design and performance of a dual-laser instrument for multiple isotopologues of carbon dioxide and water

J. B. McManus, D. D. Nelson and M. S. Zahniser , Optics Express, Vol.23, Issue 5, 2015, pp. 6569-6586.,

# 103 Detection of ethanol using a tunable interband cascade laser at 3.345 μm

H. Gao, L. Xie, P. Gong et al. , Photonic Sensors, 2018, pp. 1 - 7,

# 102 Laser detection

L. Hildebrandt, Hydrocarbon Engineering, Februar 2018,

# 101 Single-mode interband cascade laser multiemitter structure for two-wavelength absorption spectroscopy;

Scheuermann, R. Weih, S. Becker, M. Fischer, J. Koeth, S. Höfling, Opt. Eng., 57 (1), September 2017, 011008,

# 100 Multiheterodyne spectroscopy using interband cascade lasers

L. A. Sterczewski, J. Westberg, C. L. Patrick, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, C. L. Canedy, W. W. Bewley, C. D. Merritt, I. Vurgaftman, J. R. Meyer and G. Wysocki, Opt. Eng., 57(1), Januar 2018, 011014,

# 95 Harsh-environment-resistant OH-vibrations-sensitive mid-infrared water-ice photonic sensor;

J. Martínez, A. Ródenas, A. Stake, M. Traveria, M. Aguiló, J. Solis, R. Osellame, T. Tanaka, B. Berton, S. Kimura, N. Rehfeld, F. Díaz , Adv. Mater. Technol., 2017, 1700085.,

# 92 Development and field deployment of a mid-infrared methane sensor without pressure control using interband cascade laser absorption spectroscopy

Ch. Zheng, W. Ye, N. P. Sanchez, Ch. Li, L. Dong, Y. Wang, R. J. Griffin, F. K. Tittel , Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol. 244, June 2017, 365–372.,

# 90 Optical feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy with a 3.24 µm interband cascade laser

K. M. Manfred, G. A. D. Ritchie, N. Lang, J. Roepcke, J. H. van Helden , Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 2015, 221106.,

# 89 Mars methane detection and variability at Gale crater

C. R. Webster, P. R. Mahaffy, S. K. Atreya, G. J. Flesch, M. A. Mischna, P.-Y. Meslin, K. A. Farley, P. G. Conrad,L. E. Christensen, A. A. Pavlov, J. Martín-Torres, M.-P. Zorzano, T. H. McConnochie, T. Owen, J. L. Eigenbrode, D. P. Glavin, A. Steele, C. A. Malespin, P. Douglas Archer Jr., B. Sutter, P. Coll, C. Freissinet, C. P. McKay, J. E. Moores, S. P. Schwenzer, J. C. Bridges, R. Navarro-Gonzalez, R. Gellert, M. T. Lemmon , the MSL Science Team, Science, Vol.347, Issue 6220, 23. Januar 2015 , pp. 415-417.,

# 87 Optical‑feedback cavity‑enhanced absorption spectroscopy with an interband cascade laser: application to SO₂ trace analysis

L. Richard, I. Ventrillard, G. Chau, K. Jaulin, E. Kerstel, D. Romanini , Appl. Phys. B, 2016, 122:247.,

# 86 Detection of methyl mercaptan with a 3393‑nm distributed feedback interband cascade laser

Z. Du, W. Zhen, Z. Zhang, J. Li, N. Gao, Appl. Phys. B, 2016, 122 : 100,

# 85 Frequency modulation characteristics for interband cascade lasers emitting at 3 µm

J. Li, Z. Du, Y. An, Appl. Phys. B, 2015, 121:7–17.,

# 83 Mid-infrared surface plasmon polariton chemical sensing on fiber-coupled ITO coated glass

J. Martínez, A. Ródenas, M. Aguiló, T. Fernandez, J. Solis, F. Díaz , Optics Letters, Vol. 41, No. 11, 1th June 2016, pp. 2493 - 2496.,

# 82 Ppb-level mid-infrared ethane detection based on three measurement schemes using a 3.34 μm continuous-wave interband cascade laser

C. Li, C. Zheng, L. Dong, W. Ye, F. K. Tittel, Y. Wang , Appl. Phys. B, July 2016, 122:185.,

# 81 Dynamic spectral characteristics measurement of DFB interband cascade laser under injection current tuning

Z. Du, G. Luo, Y. An, J. Li, Appl. Phys. Lett., 109, 2016, 011903.,

# 80 Single-mode interband cascade lasers emitting below 2.8 μm

J. Scheuermann, R. Weih, M. v. Edlinger, L. Nähle, M. Fischer, J. Koeth, M. Kamp, S. Höfling , Appl. Phys. Lett. , 106, 2015, 161103.,

# 78 Ppb-level formaldehyde detection using a CW room-temperature interband cascade laser and a miniature dense pattern multipass gas cell

L. Dong,Y. Yu,.C. Li, S. So, F. Tittel, Optics Express, Vol. 23, Issue 15, 2015, pp. 19821-19830.,

# 77 Compact TDLAS based sensor design using interband cascade lasers for mid-IR trace gas sensing

L. Dong, F. K. Tittel, C. Li, N. P. Sanchez, H. Wu, C. Zheng, Y. Yu, A. Sampaolo, R. J. Griffin , Optics Express, Vol. 24, Issue 6, 2016, pp. A528-A535.,

# 75 Interband cascade laser sources in the mid-infrared for green photonics

J. Koeth, M. von Edlinger, J. Scheuermann, S. Becker, L. Nähle, M. Fischer, R. Weih, M. Kamp, S. Höfling, , Novel In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers , XV, 9767, 10th March 2016, 976712,

# 74 Laser absorption diagnostic for measuring acetylene concentrations in shock tubes

I. Stranic, R. K. Hanson pp. 58-65, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 142, July 2014, pp. 58 - 65,

# 67 New Opportunities in Mid-Infrared Emission Control

P. Geiser, Sensors, 2015, pp. 22724-22736.,

# 64 Interband Cascade Lasers - Topical Review

I. Vurgaftman, R. Weih, M. Kamp, C.L. Canedy, C.S. Kim, M. Kim, W.W. Bewley, C.D. Merritt, J. Abell, S. Hoefling, Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 48, 2015, pp. 123001-12017.,

# 62 High-sensitivity interference-free diagnostic for measurement of methane in shock tubes

R. Sur, S. Wang, K. Sun, D. F. Davidson, J. B. Jeffries, R. K. Hanson, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Vol. 156, May 2015, pp. 80-87,

# 61 Demonstration of an Ethane Spectrometer for Methane Source Identification

T.I. Yacovitch, S.C. Herndon, J.R. Roscioli, C. Floerchinger, R.M. McGovern, M. Agnese, G. Petron, J. Kofler, C. Sweeney, A. Karion, S.A. Conley, E.A. Kort, L. Naehle, M. Fischer, L. Hildebrandt,.J. Koeth, J.B. McManus, D.D. Nelson, M.S. Zahniser, C.E. Kolb, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 2014, 8028-8034.,

# 54 Demonstration of the self-mixing effect in interband cascade lasers

K. Bertling, Y.L. Lim, T. Taimre, D. Indjin, P. Dean, R. Weih, S. Hoefling, M. Kamp, M. von Edlinger, J. Koeth, A.D. Rakic, Appl. Phys. Lett., 103, 2013, 231107,

# 53 CW DFB RT diode laser-based sensor for trace-gas detection of ethane using a novel compact multipass gas absorption cell

K. Krzempek, M. Jahjah, R. Lewicki, P. Stefanski, S. So, D. Thomazy, F.K. Tittel, Appl. Phys. B, 112, 4. September 2013, pp. 461-465.,

# 43 Chemical analysis of surgical smoke by infrared laser spectroscopy

Michele Gianella, Markus W. Sigrist , Appl. Phys. B, 109, 3, November 2012, pp. 485-496.,

# 36 Single mode interband cascade lasers based on lateral metal gratings

R. Weih, L. Naehle, Sven Hoefling, J. Koeth, M. Kamp , Appl. Phys. Lett., 105,7, 2014, pp. 071111.,

# 26 Corrugated-sidewall interband cascade lasers with single-mode midwave-infrared emission at room temperature;

C.S. Kim, M. Kim, W.W. Bewley, J.R. Lindle, C.L. Canedy, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, J.R. Meyer , Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, 2009, 231103.,

# 22 Sensing of formaldehyde using a distributed feedback interband cascade laser emitting around 3493 nm

S. Lundqvist, P. Kluczynski, R. Weih, M. von Edlinger, L. Naehle, M. Fischer, A. Bauer, S. Hoefling, J. Koeth, Appl. Opt., , 51, 25, 2012, pp. 6009-6013.,

# 13 Continuous-wave operation of type-I quantum well DFB laser diodes emitting in 3.4 µm wavelength range around room temperature

L. Naehle, S. Belahsene, M. von Edlinger, M. Fischer, G. Boissier, P. Grech, G. Narcy, A. Vicet, Y. Rouillard, J. Koeth and L. Worschech , Electron. Lett. 47, 1, Januar 2011, pp. 46-47.,

# 9 DFB Lasers Between 760 nm and 16 µm for Sensing Applications

W. Zeller, L. Naehle, P. Fuchs, F. Gerschuetz, L. Hildebrandt, J. Koeth , Sensors, 10, 2010, pp. 2492-2510,

# 8 ICLs open opportunities for mid-IR sensing

L. Naehle, L. Hildebrandt, M. Kamp, S. Hoefling, Laser Focus World, May 2013, pp. 70-73,

# 7 DFB laser diodes expand hydrocarbon sensing beyond 3 µm

L. Hildebrandt, L. Naehle, Laser Focus World, January 2012, pp. 87-90,

# 5 DFB lasers exceeding 3 µm for industrial applications

L. Naehle, L. Hildebrandt, Laser+Photonics, 2012, pp. 78-80,

# 2 Advanced Gas Sensing Applications Above 3 µm with DFB Laser Diodes

L. Naehle, L. Hildebrandt, M. Fischer, J. Koeth, Gases & Instrumentation, March/April 2012, pp. 25 - 28,